STOCKHOLM: Awarding Nobels decades after the original scientific discovery could lead to the coveted prize becoming irrelevant, some observers say, as ageing researchers miss out on their turn to get the long-awaited call from Sweden.
That’s what happened in 2011 when the Nobel committee announced that half the prize for medicine and physiology would go to Canadian-born biologist Ralph Steinman. It soon emerged that Steinman had died three days earlier, but the Nobel committee made an exception to its own rule that the prize cannot be awarded posthumously, arguing that it thought he was alive when it made the decision.
“If we keep going on like this, there will be many more cases of this kind. It’s just a matter of time. So something has to be done,” said Santo Fortunato, a physicist at Finland’s Aalto University.
Earlier this year, Fortunato and several other scientists wrote an article in the prestigious magazine Nature that documented how the wait was growing longer. “Before 1940, Nobels were awarded more than 20 years after the original discovery for only about 11 percent of physics, 15 percent of chemistry and 24 percent of physiology or medicine prizes,” they wrote.
“Since 1985, however, such lengthy delays have featured in 60 percent, 52 percent and 45 percent of these awards, respectively.” If the trend continues, they wrote, by the end of this century, the prizewinners’ predicted average age for receiving the award is likely to exceed their projected life expectancy. In other words, most might be dead by the time they are in line for getting a Nobel prize. “This lag threatens to undermine science’s most venerable institution,” they concluded in the Nature article.
The criticism comes as the 2014 Nobel prizes in the sciences are set to be announced this week. Proponents of the current Nobel arrangement say that it is in the nature of modern complex science for a discovery to be confirmed as bona fide only after lengthy testing.
The Higgs boson, for instance, whose discovery was honoured with the physics prize last year, was hypothesised almost half a century ago. But the elusive subatomic particle, which gives other particles mass, was only finally proved in recent years with the help of massive and costly practical research. By then, one of the three original discoverers of the Higgs boson, the US-Belgian physicist Robert Brout, had died. But for Sven Lidin, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, the Higgs boson is a good illustration of why it’s almost impossible to push the process any quicker.
Even if the Nobel prize continues to go only to living scientists, as has been the rule since 1974, the growing time lag means that it will increasingly go to scientists at the end of their careers.
To provide younger scientists with proper incentives, alternative awards are needed, argued Matthew Wallace, a science policy researcher at the Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management of the Spanish National Research Council.
“In order to promote and reward innovation and creativity, it would indeed be more useful to have prizes that reward more junior researchers and that reward more recent discoveries,” he said.
AFP
