Guinea-Bissau votes to elect new president, parliament

Bissau, Voters in Guinea-Bissau cast their ballots Sunday to pick a new president, hoping to turn the page on endemic political turmoil despite the main opposition party being barred from the race.

Around 860,000 voters will choose between 12 presidential candidates, with stability a major issue given the multiple political crises that have rocked the west African nation since independence from Portugal in 1974, including four coups and numerous attempted coups.

At the top of the list of demands for many is improved living conditions, including better health care, education and infrastructure.

Guinea-Bissau's population of some 2.2 million is also calling for more jobs and reforms to combat poverty, corruption and drug trafficking.

With nearly 40 percent of the population living in extreme poverty, Guinea-Bissau is among the world's poorest countries.

Polling stations opened at 7:00 am (local time and GMT) and are scheduled to close at 5:00 pm. First results are expected no later than Thursday.

An official from the National Electoral Commission (CNE) checks electoral materials at their regional offices in Gabu, on November 22, 2025, on the eve of Guinea-Bissau general elections. Guinea-Bissau votes in general elections on November 23, 2025. Photo by Patrick Meinhardt / AFP

Alamar Bidinthile, 40, said he was voting for "change" and "stability".

Mayo Sa, a 53-year-old construction worker, added: "I have been voting since I was young but there has been no change in the country. I hope this time that won't be the case".

Incumbent President Umaro Sissoco Embalo, 53, is favoured to win in the first round. If he succeeds, he will become the first head of state to serve two consecutive terms since the introduction of the multiparty system in 1994.

His biggest opponent is opposition candidate Fernando Dias, who has received the support of the powerful PAIGC opposition party, which was barred from the election.

The vote marks the first time in Guinea-Bissau's history that PAIGC, which led the former Portuguese colony to independence in 1974 and was the country's longstanding single party, will be absent from the ballot.

The party and its leader Domingos Simoes Pereira, who only recently returned from exile, were disqualified from running after the Supreme Court ruled their legislative and presidential applications had been submitted after the deadline.

Manipulation

Pereira and Embalo are arch political rivals: The last presidential election in 2019 was marked by a four-month post-election crisis as both men claimed victory.

Sunday's elections will also see voters choose all 102 members of parliament.

Voters queue outside a polling station before polls open at the Gabu Maternal and Child Center polling station in Gabu on November 23, 2025 during Guinea-Bissau's presidential and legislative elections. Photo by Patrick Meinhardt / AFP

In 2023, Embalo dissolved the legislature -- which was dominated by the opposition -- and has since ruled by decree.

The opposition says PAIGC's exclusion from the presidential and parliamentary elections amounts to "manipulation" and maintains that Embalo's term expired on February 27, five years to the day after his inauguration.

Despite the tumult, the three-week campaigning period unfolded with a festive atmosphere and concluded Friday without any major incidents or violence.

Lucia Bird, an expert at the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, said that "in Guinea-Bissau, problems usually arise after elections".

She said she fears that, as in 2019, allegations of irregularities will occur after the vote.

More than 6,780 security forces, including from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Stabilisation Force, have been deployed for the vote and the post-election period.

Guinea-Bissau's air space, as well as land and sea borders, will be closed all day Sunday.