Facebook Inc. Chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg bought Instagram because he was concerned about the nascent company’s potential to turn users away from Facebook, according to documents obtained by the U.S. House Judiciary subcommittee on antitrust.
That makes it "exactly the type of anticompetitive acquisition that antitrust laws were intended to prevent,” Representative Jerrold Nadler told Zuckerberg at a hearing Wednesday. After Zuckerberg reminded committee members that the Instagram acquisition was allowed to proceed by the Federal Trade Commission, Representative David Cicilline said the FTC’s failure in 2012 has no bearing on whether the acquisition violated the law.
Zuckerberg didn’t deny that his company acquired Instagram in part so it wouldn’t compete with Facebook on photo sharing, and he later said messaging platform WhatsApp, which his company acquired in 2014, was also a competitor. According to emails exchanged with Facebook’s chief financial officer in 2012, Zuckerberg wanted to do the Instagram deal to buy time -- a year or more to integrate Instagram’s features so Facebook would be up and running on photo sharing before anyone else could reach the same scale.
Instagram, which had 13 employees and no revenue at the time of the Facebook purchase, was already becoming popular at a dramatic clip, surpassing other photo-sharing apps with the size of its network. After six years as part of Facebook, Instagram surpassed 1 billion users. Today, the app contributes more than $20 billion to Facebook’s annual revenue, people familiar with the matter have said. Zuckerberg is still concerned about the potential for Instagram to cannibalize Facebook’s growth, and has restricted its resources and worked to integrate it more tightly with the main social network.
The success of the Instagram acquisition -- and especially the perception that Instagram was operating independently within Facebook -- meant Facebook was able to convince WhatsApp to join in 2014, for $22 billion.
"WhatsApp was also both a competitor and complementary,” Zuckerberg told representatives. "They competed with us in the area of social messaging, which is an important space.”
Still, Zuckerberg disputed the idea that Facebook has achieved dominance in its market. In his opening statement to the committee, he went off his prepared script, pointing out the businesses where other technology giants are dominant.
"In many areas, we are behind our competitors,” Zuckerberg said. "The most popular messaging service in the U.S. is iMessage. The fastest-growing app is TikTok.
The most popular app for video is YouTube. The fastest-growing ads platform is Amazon. The largest ads platform is Google. And for every dollar spent on advertising in the U.S., less than 10 cents is spent with us.”
